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Myanmar - Wikipedia. This article is about the country. For the Myanmar language, see Burmese language. Myanmar (Burmese pronunciation: [mjəmà]),[nb 1][7] officially the Republic of the Union of Myanmar and also known as Burma, is a sovereign state in Southeast Asia. Myanmar is bordered by India and Bangladesh to its west, Thailand and Laos to its east and China to its north and northeast. To its south, about one third of Myanmar's total perimeter of 5,8.

Bay of Bengal and the Andaman Sea. The country's 2. 01. Myanmar is 6. 76,5. Its capital city is Naypyidaw, and its largest city and former capital is Yangon (Rangoon).[1] Myanmar has been a member of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) since 1. Early civilisations in Myanmar included the Tibeto- Burman- speaking Pyu city- states in Upper Burma and the Mon kingdoms in Lower Burma.[9] In the 9th century, the Bamar people entered the upper Irrawaddy valley and, following the establishment of the Pagan Kingdom in the 1.

Myanmar (Burmese pronunciation:), officially the Republic of the Union of Myanmar and also known as Burma, is a sovereign state located in the Southeast Asian region. I celebrate myself, and sing myself, And what I assume you shall assume, For every atom belonging to me as good belongs to you. I loafe and invite my soul. A Cry From Within Online Putlocker. The Hollywood Reporter is your source for breaking news about Hollywood and entertainment, including movies, TV, reviews and industry blogs.

Burmese language, culture and Theravada. Buddhism slowly became dominant in the country. The Pagan Kingdom fell due to the Mongol invasions and several warring states emerged. In the 1. 6th century, reunified by the Taungoo Dynasty, the country was for a brief period the largest empire in the history of Mainland Southeast Asia.[1. Watch Brother`S War Online Flashx. The early 1. 9th century Konbaung Dynasty ruled over an area that included modern Myanmar and briefly controlled Manipur and Assam as well.

The British took over the administration of Myanmar after three Anglo- Burmese Wars in the 1. British colony. Myanmar was granted independence in 1.

Following a coup d'état in 1. For most of its independent years, the country has been engrossed in rampant ethnic strife and its myriad ethnic groups have been involved in one of the world's longest- running ongoing civil wars. During this time, the United Nations and several other organisations have reported consistent and systematic human rights violations in the country.[1. In 2. 01. 1, the military junta was officially dissolved following a 2. This, along with the release of Aung San Suu Kyi and political prisoners, has improved the country's human rights record and foreign relations, and has led to the easing of trade and other economic sanctions.[1. There is, however, continuing criticism of the government's treatment of ethnic minorities, its response to the ethnic insurgency, and religious clashes.[1. In the landmark 2.

Aung San Suu Kyi's party won a majority in both houses. However, the Burmese military remains a powerful force in politics. Myanmar is a country rich in jade and gems, oil, natural gas and other mineral resources. In 2. 01. 3, its GDP (nominal) stood at US$5. GDP (PPP) at US$2. The income gap in Myanmar is among the widest in the world, as a large proportion of the economy is controlled by supporters of the former military government.[1. As of 2. 01. 6[update], Myanmar ranks 1.

Human Development Index.[6]Etymology. In 1. 98. 9, the military government officially changed the English translations of many names dating back to Burma's colonial period or earlier, including that of the country itself: "Burma" became "Myanmar". The renaming remains a contested issue.[1. Many political and ethnic opposition groups and countries continue to use "Burma" because they do not recognise the legitimacy of the ruling military government or its authority to rename the country.[1. In April 2. 01. 6, soon after taking office, Aung San Suu Kyi clarified that foreigners are free to use either name, "because there is nothing in the constitution of our country that says that you must use any term in particular".[1. The country's official full name is the "Republic of the Union of Myanmar" (ပြည်ထောင်စုသမ္မတ မြန်မာနိုင်ငံတော်, Pyidaunzu Thanmăda Myăma Nainngandaw, pronounced [pjìdàʊɴzṵ θàɴməda̰ mjəmà nàɪɴŋàɴdɔ̀]). Countries that do not officially recognise that name use the long form "Union of Burma" instead.[1.

In English, the country is popularly known as either "Burma" or "Myanmar"  ( listen).[7] Both these names are derived from the name of the majority Burmese Bamar ethnic group. Myanmar is considered to be the literary form of the name of the group, while Burma is derived from "Bamar", the colloquial form of the group's name. Depending on the register used, the pronunciation would be Bama (pronounced [bəmà]) or Myamah (pronounced [mjəmà]). The name Burma has been in use in English since the 1.

Burma continues to be used in English by the governments of many countries, such as Canada and the United Kingdom.[1. Official United States policy retains Burma as the country's name, although the State Department's website lists the country as "Burma (Myanmar)" and Barack Obama has referred to the country by both names.[2. The Czech Republic officially uses Myanmar, although its Ministry of Foreign Affairs mentions both Myanmar and Burma on its website.[2. The United Nations uses Myanmar, as do the Association of Southeast Asian Nations, Australia,[2. Russia, Germany,[2. China, India, Bangladesh, Norway,[2. Japan[1. 9] and Switzerland.[2.

Most English- speaking international news media refer to the country by the name Myanmar, including the BBC,[2. CNN,[2. 8]Al Jazeera,[2. Reuters,[3. 0]RT (Russia Today) and the Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC)/Radio Australia.[3. Myanmar is known with a name deriving from Burma as opposed to Myanmar in Spanish, Italian, Romanian, and Greek – Birmania being the local version of Burma in the Spanish language, for example. Myanmar used to be known as "Birmânia" in Portuguese, and as "Birmanie" in French.[3.

As in the past, French- language media today consistently use Birmanie.,[3. History. Prehistory.

Archaeological evidence shows that Homo erectus lived in the region now known as Myanmar as early as 7. The first evidence of Homo sapiens is dated to about 1.

BC, in a Stone Age culture called the Anyathian with discoveries of stone tools in central Myanmar. Evidence of neolithic age domestication of plants and animals and the use of polished stone tools dating to sometime between 1.

BC has been discovered in the form of cave paintings in Padah- Lin Caves.[3. The Bronze Age arrived circa 1. BC when people in the region were turning copper into bronze, growing rice and domesticating poultry and pigs; they were among the first people in the world to do so.[3. Human remains and artefacts from this era were discovered in Monywa District in the Sagaing Division.[3. The Iron Age began around 5. BC with the emergence of iron- working settlements in an area south of present- day Mandalay.[3.

Evidence also shows the presence of rice- growing settlements of large villages and small towns that traded with their surroundings as far as China between 5. BC and 2. 00 AD.[4. Iron Age Burmese cultures also had influences from outside sources such as India and Thailand, as seen in their funerary practices concerning child burials. This indicates some form of communication between groups in Myanmar and other places, possibly through trade.[4.

Early city- states. Around the second century BC the first- known city- states emerged in central Myanmar. The city- states were founded as part of the southward migration by the Tibeto- Burman- speaking Pyu city- states, the earliest inhabitants of Myanmar of whom records are extant, from present- day Yunnan.[4. The Pyu culture was heavily influenced by trade with India, importing Buddhism as well as other cultural, architectural and political concepts, which would have an enduring influence on later Burmese culture and political organisation.[4.

By the 9th century, several city- states had sprouted across the land: the Pyu in the central dry zone, Mon along the southern coastline and Arakanese along the western littoral. The balance was upset when the Pyu came under repeated attacks from Nanzhao between the 7. In the mid- to- late 9th century the Bamar people founded a small settlement at Bagan.

It was one of several competing city- states until the late 1.