Sled dog - Wikipedia. This article is about the variety of dog. For the sport where dogs pull sleds over a distance, see Dog sled racing. Driver View with Team on Wonder Lake. Sled dogs were important for transportation in arctic areas, hauling supplies in areas that were inaccessible by other methods. They were used with varying success in the explorations of both poles, as well as during the Alaskan gold rush.

Sled dog teams delivered mail to rural communities in Alaska and northern Canada. Sled dogs today are still used by some rural communities, especially in areas of Alaska and Canada and throughout Greenland. They are used for recreational purposes, and are raced in events known as dog sled races such as the Iditarod and the Yukon Quest. History[edit]. Sled dogs white huskies hiking in Inuvik, Canada. Sled dogs have been used in Canada, Lapland, Greenland, Siberia, Chukotka, Norway, Finland, and Alaska.[1]Eurasia[edit]Siberia[edit]In 2. Zhokhov Island, arctic north- eastern Siberia, however this area was connected to the mainland then. The dogs were selectively bred as either sled dogs or as hunting dogs, which implies that a sled dog standard and a hunting dog standard existed at that time.

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The optimal maximum size for a sled dog is 2. The same standard has been found in the remains of sled dogs from this region 2,0.

Siberian husky breed standard. Other dogs were more massive at 3. At death, the heads of the dogs had been carefully separated from their bodies by humans and is thought to be for ceremonial reasons.[2]Greenland[edit]The Danish military act as the police in Greenland and conduct sled dog patrols during the winter, which also record all sighted wildlife. The number of patrols averaged 1. By 2. 01. 1, the arctic wolf had re- populated eastern Greenland from their reserve in the northeast through following these dog- sled patrols over distances of up to 5. North America[edit]Historical references of the dogs and dog harnesses that were used by Native American cultures date back to before European contact.[4] The use of dogs as draft animals was widespread in North America.[4] There were two main kinds of sled dogs; one kind is kept by coastal cultures, and the other kind is kept by interior cultures such as the Athabascan Indians.[4] These interior dogs formed the basis of the Alaskan Husky.[4] Russian traders following the Yukon River inland in the mid- 1.

The dogs of this area were reputed to be stronger and better at hauling heavy loads than the native Russian sled dogs.[4]The Alaskan Gold Rush brought renewed interest in the use of sled dogs as transportation.[4] Most gold camps were accessible only by dogsled in the winter.[5] "Everything that moved during the frozen season moved by dog team; prospectors, trappers, doctors, mail, commerce, trade, freighting of supplies … if it needed to move in winter, it was moved by sled dogs."[4] This, along with the dogs' use in the exploration of the poles, led to the late 1. Era of the Sled Dog".[6]Sled dogs were used to deliver the mail in Alaska during the late 1. Malamutes were the favored breed, with teams averaging eight to ten dogs.[7] Dogs were capable of delivering mail in conditions that would stop boats, trains, and horses.[7] Each team hauled between 2. The mail was stored in waterproofed bags to protect it from the snow.[7] By 1. Yukon River.[7] Mail delivery by dog sled came to an end in 1. Chester Noongwook of Savoonga, retired.[7] He was honored by the US Postal Service in a ceremony on St.

Lawrence Island in the Bering Sea.[7]Airplanes took over Alaskan mail delivery in the 1. Watch The Best Man Holiday Online Free 2016. In 1. 92. 4, Carl Ben Eielson flew the first Alaskan airmail delivery.[8] Dogsleds were used to patrol western Alaska during World War II.[8]Highways and trucking in the 4. Recreational mushing came into place to maintain the tradition of dog mushing.[4] The desire for larger, stronger, load- pulling dogs changed to one for faster dogs with high endurance used in racing, which caused the dogs to become lighter than they were historically.[4][9] Americans then began to import Siberian Huskies to increase the speed of their own dogs, presenting "a direct contrast to the idea that Russian traders sought heavier draft- type sled dogs from the Interior regions of Alaska and the Yukon less than a century earlier to increase the hauling capacity of their lighter sled dogs."[4]Outside of Alaska, dog- drawn carts were used to haul peddler's wares in cities like New York.[1.

Nome, Alaska and the Iditarod[edit]. Summer sled dog demonstration. In 1. 92. 5, there was a diphtheria outbreak in Nome, Alaska. There was not enough serum in Nome to treat the number of people infected by the disease.[8] There was serum in Nenana, but the town was 1,1. A dog sled relay was set up by the villages between Nenana and Nome, and 2. Nome.[8] The serum reached Nome in six days.[8]The Iditarod Trail was established on the path between these two towns.[8] It was known as the Iditarod Trail because, at the time, Iditarod was the largest town on the trail.[8] During the 1. However, in 1. 96.

Dorothy Page, who was conducting Alaska's centennial celebration, ordered 1. In 1. 97. 2, the US Army performed a survey of the trail, and in 1. Iditarod was established by Joe Redington, Sr.[8][1. The race was won by Dick Wilmarth, who took three weeks to complete the race.[8]The modern Iditarod is a 1,8.

It usually lasts for ten to eleven days, weather permitting.[1. It begins with a ceremonial start in Anchorage, Alaska on the morning of the first Saturday in March, with mushers running 3. Eagle River along the Alaskan Highway, giving spectators a chance to see the dogs and the mushers.[1. The teams are then loaded onto trucks and driven 4. Wasilla for the official race start in the afternoon.[1. The race ends when the last musher either drops out of the race or crosses the finish line in Nome.[1. The winner of the race receives a prize of US$5.

It has been billed as the "World Series of mushing events"[1. The Last Great Race on Earth".[1. Antarctica[edit]Roald Amundsen, whose Antarctic expedition was planned around ninety- seven sled dogs.

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Roald Amundsen's Antarctic expedition. The first Arctic explorers were men with sled dogs.[1.

Due to the success of using sled dogs in the Arctic, it was thought they would be helpful in the Antarctic exploration as well, and many explorers made attempts to use them.[1. Sled dogs were used until 1.

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Antarctica by the Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty.[1. Carsten Borchgrevink used sled dogs in Antarctica in 1. Cape Adare.[1. 5] The dogs were used to working on snow, not on ice, in much milder temperatures.[1. The dogs were also inadequately fed, and eventually all of the dogs died.[1. Erich von Drygalski used sled dogs in his 1.

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His dogs were allowed to breed freely and many had to be shot because there was no room on the ship to take them home.[1. Many that were not shot were left behind on the Kerguelen Islands.[1.

Otto Nordenskjold intended to use sled dogs in his 1. He picked up more dogs in the Falklands, but these were all killed upon his arrival by Ole Jonassen's huskies, as Ole had not bothered to tether his dogs.[1. These huskies were later able to pull 2. Robert Falcon Scott brought twenty Samoyeds with him.[1.

The dogs struggled under the conditions Scott placed them in, with four dogs pulling heavily loaded sleds through 4. Scott blamed their failure on rotten dried fish.[1.

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