The Time Tunnel - Wikipedia. The Time Tunnel is an American color science fiction TV series, written around a theme of time travel adventure and starring James Darren and Robert Colbert. The show was inspired by the 1. The Time Travelers (AIP/Dobil), and was creator- producer Irwin Allen's third science fiction television series, released by 2. Century Fox Television and broadcast on ABC. The show ran for one season of 3.

A pilot for a new series was produced in 2. Premise[edit]Project Tic- Toc is a top secret U.

S. government effort to build an experimental time machine, known as "The Time Tunnel" due to its appearance as a cylindrical hallway. The base for Project Tic- Toc is a huge, hidden underground complex in Arizona, 8. The directors of the project are Dr. Douglas Phillips (Robert Colbert), Dr. Anthony Newman (James Darren), and Lt.

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General Heywood Kirk (Whit Bissell). The specialists assisting them are Dr. Raymond Swain (John Zaremba), a foremost expert in electronics, and Dr. Ann Mac. Gregor (Lee Meriwether), an electro- biologist supervising the unit that determines how much force and heat a time traveler is able to withstand. The series is set in 1. Doctors Newman, Mc. Gregor, and Phillips, 1.

Project Tic- Toc is in its tenth year when United States Senator Leroy Clark (Gary Merrill) comes to investigate in order to determine whether the project, which has cost 7. Senator Clark feels the project is a waste of government funds. When speaking to Phillips, Kirk, and Newman in front of the Time Tunnel, he delivers an ultimatum: either they send someone into time and return him during the course of his visit or their funding will cease. Tony volunteers for this endeavor, but he is turned down by project director Doug Phillips. Watch For The Love Of A Dog Download Full. Defying this decision, Tony sends himself into time. Doug follows shortly after to rescue him, but they both continue to be lost in time. Senator Clark returns to Washington with the promise that funding will not be cut off to the project, leaving General Kirk in charge.

The stage is set for the progress of the series as Tony and Doug are now "switched" from one period in history to another, allowing episodes to be set in the past and future. Each episode (up to episode 2. Dick Tufeld): Two American scientists are lost in the swirling maze of past and future ages, during the first experiments on America's greatest and most secret project, the Time Tunnel. Tony Newman and Doug Phillips now tumble helplessly toward a new fantastic adventure, somewhere along the infinite corridors of time. Tony and Doug become participants of notable past events like the sinking of the Titanic, the attack on Pearl Harbor, the eruption of Krakatoa, Custer's Last Stand, and the Battle of the Alamo among others. General Kirk, Ray, and Ann in the control room are able to locate them in time and space, observe them, communicate with them through voice contact, and send help.

When the series was abruptly cancelled in the summer of 1. ABC, they had not filmed an episode in which Tony and Doug are safely returned to the Time Tunnel complex. Possibility of time travel[edit].

Lee Meriwether as Dr. Ann Mac. Gregor. Time travel is facilitated by time being portrayed as a static continuum, accessible at any point through the Time Tunnel as a corridor spanning its infinite reaches. When Senator Clark sees an image of the Titanic on the image screen in the course of episode one, he is told by Dr. Swain that he is seeing "the living past", and Althea Hall is told by Tony Newman that the past and the future are the same. The Time Tunnel is also a portal connecting the Time Tunnel "complex" with the same time periods in which Doug and Tony are located. Other people can also be relocated by the Time Tunnel from their time to another time as Machiavelli is switched from his own time to the time of the Gettysburg Campaign of 1.

Bringing people (other than Tony and Doug) to the present happens often in the series, but the only occasion in which Tony and Doug return to their own time occurs in "Merlin the Magician," when the great wizard uses magic to bring them home in suspended animation so that he may instruct them to perform a mission for him. In the course of the series Doug, Tony, and the Time Tunnel personnel discover that events of the past can be altered to some extent by the intrusion of the time travelers, and in a few cases their historical research allows for it. Episode 2. 6 ("Attack of the Barbarians") explores the scenario of one of the time travelers falling in love with someone from the past: Tony and the Princess Serit, daughter of Kublai Khan. Marco Polo tells Doug, "Can they not touch each other?" History itself hints at the possibility of Serit marrying Tony as Ann informs General Kirk. The historical information on Billy the Kid's victims alarms Ann, Ray, and the General as it records that he killed two strangers near Lincoln, New Mexico in April, 1. Tony, Doug and Billy the Kid are brought together. Production[edit]The production used sets, stock footage and props left over from the large number of period dramas made by the 2.

Century Fox film company. Even black- and- white shots of the Titanic sinking were tinted for use in this color production. Only a few actors were costumed for a given episode, interspersed with cuts of great masses of people similarly dressed from original features. Only one set was constructed for the show, that of the Time Tunnel main control room.

For the pilot episode, a large control room set was built, and a longer Time Tunnel was created using optical matte shots. After the pilot episode, location changes occurred for the production of the series; Colbert and Darren shot their scenes in another studio, on the 2.

Century Fox backlot, or on location, while those who portrayed the Time Tunnel personnel filmed all their scenes on revised and smaller (due to the production having to utilize a smaller sound stage than used during the pilot filming) Time Tunnel control room set. Some episodes featured space aliens who wore costumes and carried props originally created for other Irwin Allen television and movie productions. Prop sets were similarly re- used. The prop computer looked realistic because it was an array of memory modules from the Air Force's recently decommissioned SAGE computer.

Continuity errors and errors in historical fact occurred in the series. In the premiere episode, "Rendezvous with Yesterday", Captain Smith of the Titanic is called "Malcolm" when, historically, his name was "Edward". The names of the secondary officers are also fictitious, though Walter Lord's best- selling non- fiction book about the event, A Night to Remember, had been released nine years earlier. Tony states that he was born in 1.

A few episodes later in "The Day the Sky Fell in", he states he was seven when Pearl Harbor was attacked in December 1. The theme song for The Time Tunnel was composed by John Williams (credited as "Johnny Williams"). GNP Crescendo later released an album featuring Williams' work and the score composed by George Duning for the episode "The Death Merchant". The series won an Emmy Award in 1.

Individual Achievements in Cinematography. The award went to L. B. "Bill" Abbott, for his photographic special effects.[3]Recurring themes[edit]A short "teaser" from next week's episode was shown at the end of each episode as Doug and Tony arrived at their next destination (in the same manner Allen ended each episode of Lost in Space, also used in Quantum Leap and Sliders).

The impressive introduction to the scale of the project (over 3. Tunnel Security running across a walkway.

Some of these shots were homages to the Krell complex from the classic 1. MGM film Forbidden Planet but new matte paintings and models were created specifically for The Time Tunnel pilot episode. Most episodes involved the capture or detention of Doug, Tony, or both, their escape, their recapture, and their escape again, before their move to the next episode.

Black Death - New World Encyclopedia. The Black Death, also known as the Black Plague, was a devastating pandemic that first struck Europe in the mid- late- fourteenth century (1. Europe's population. Almost simultaneous epidemics occurred across large portions of Asia and the Middle East, indicating that the European outbreak was actually part of a multi- regional pandemic. Including Middle Eastern lands, India, and China the Black Death killed at least 7. The same disease is thought to have returned to Europe every generation with varying degrees of intensity and fatality until the 1.

Notable later outbreaks include the Italian Plague of 1. Great Plague of London (1. Great Plague of Vienna (1. Great Plague of Marseille (1. Moscow. The disease was completely eradicated in Europe only at the beginning of the nineteenth century, but survives in other parts of the world such as Central and Oriental Africa, Madagascar, Asia, and the Americas— including the United States. The initial fourteenth century European event was called the "Great Mortality" by contemporary writers and, with later outbreaks, became known as the "Black Death." It has been popularly thought that the name came from a striking symptom of the disease, called acral necrosis, in which sufferers' skin would blacken due to subdermal hemorrhages.

However, the term in fact refers to the figurative sense of "black" (glum, lugubrious, or dreadful).[1] Historical records have convinced most scientists that the Black Death was an outbreak of bubonic plague, caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis and spread by fleas with the help of animals like the black rat (Rattus rattus), but there are some scientists who debate this. In addition to its drastic effect on Europe's population, the Black Death irrevocably changed Europe's social structure, was a serious blow to Europe's predominant religious institution (the Roman Catholic Church), resulted in widespread persecution of minorities such as Jews and lepers who were accused of starting the plague, and created a general mood of morbidity that influenced people who were uncertain of their daily survival to live for the moment, illustrated by Giovanni Boccaccio in The Decameron (1. Peasant revolts broke out in some areas, which have even been identified as the birth of the class struggle so central to a Marxist view of history and of human progress. In this respect, the Black Death had an impact on the psychology of the age.

Human thought responds to such calamities as pandemics and natural disasters over which the human race has no, or very little, control as well as to changes, inventions, initiatives, and ideas that are generated or initiated by humans themselves. Human progress often follows traumatic events. A cause and effect relationship between the Renaissance and the Black Death has been suggested. In this view, the questioning of divine oversight that was prompted by the Black Death led to a rethinking of humanity's place in the cosmos.[2]Pattern of the pandemic. The plague disease, caused by Yersinia pestis, is endemic in populations of ground rodents in central Asia, but it is not entirely clear where the fourteenth century pandemic started.

The most popular theory places the first cases in the steppes of central Asia, though some speculate that it originated around northern India. From there, supposedly, it was carried east and west by traders and Mongol armies along the Silk Road, and was first exposed to Europe at trading ports in Sicily. Whether or not this theory is accurate, it is clear that several pre- existing conditions such as war, famine, and weather contributed to the severity of the Black Death. A devastating civil war in China between the established Chinese population and the Mongols raged between 1. This war disrupted farming and trading patterns, and led to episodes of widespread famine. A so- called "Little Ice Age" had begun at the end of the thirteenth century. The disastrous weather reached a peak in the first half of the fourteenth century with severe results worldwide.

In the years 1. 31. Great Famine, struck all of Northern Europe. Food shortages and sky- rocketing prices were a fact of life for as much as a century before the plague.

Wheat, oats, hay, and consequently livestock were all in short supply and their scarcity resulted in hunger and malnutrition. The result was a mounting human vulnerability to disease due to weakened immune systems. The European economy entered a vicious circle in which hunger and chronic, low- level debilitating diseases reduced the productivity of laborers so the grain output suffered, causing the grain prices to increase. The famine was self- perpetuating, impacting life in places like Flanders and Burgundy as much as the Black Death was later to impact all of Europe. A typhoid epidemic was to be a predictor of the coming disaster.

Many thousands died in populated urban centers, most significantly Ypres. In 1. 31. 8 a pestilence of unknown origin, sometimes identified as anthrax, hit the animals of Europe. The disease targeted Domestic sheep and cattle, further reducing the food supply and income of the peasantry and putting another strain on the economy. The increasingly international nature of the European economies meant that the depression was felt across Europe. Due to pestilence, the failure of England's wool exports led to the destruction of the Flemish weaving industry.

Unemployment bred crime and poverty. Asian outbreak. The Central Asian scenario agrees with the first reports of outbreaks in China in the early 1. The plague struck the Chinese province of Hubei in 1. During 1. 35. 3–1.

Chinese accounts of this wave of the disease record a spread to eight distinct areas throughout the Mongol and Chinese empires: Hubei, Jiangxi, Shanxi, Hunan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Henan, and Suiyuan (a historical Chinese province that now forms part of Hebei and Inner Mongolia). Historian William Mc. Neill noted that voluminous Chinese records on disease and social disruption survive from this period, but no one has studied these sources in depth. It is probable that the Mongols and merchant caravans inadvertently brought the plague from central Asia to the Middle East and Europe. The plague was reported in the trading cities of Constantinople and Trebizond in 1. In that same year, Genoese possession of Theodosia (Caffa), a great trade emporium on the Crimean peninsula, came under siege by an army of Mongol warriors under the command of Janibeg, backed by Venetian forces.

After a protracted siege during which the Mongol army was reportedly withering from the disease, they might have decided to use the infected corpses as a biological weapon. The corpses were catapulted over the city walls, infecting the inhabitants.[3] The Genoese traders fled, transferring the plague via their ships into the south of Europe, from whence it rapidly spread. According to accounts, so many died in Caffa that the survivors had little time to bury them and bodies were stacked like cords of firewood against the city walls. European outbreak.

In October 1. 34. Genovese trading ships fleeing Caffa reached the port of Messina, Italy. By the time the fleet reached Messina, all the crew members were either infected or dead. It is presumed that the ships also carried infected rats or fleas. Some ships were found grounded on shorelines, with no one aboard remaining alive. Looting of these lost ships also helped spread the disease.

From there, the plague spread to Genoa and Venice by the turn of 1. From Italy the disease spread northwest across Europe, striking France, Spain, Portugal, and England by June 1. Germany and Scandinavia from 1.

Russia in 1. 35. 1. However, the plague largely spared some parts of Europe, including the Kingdom of Later Piasts (1. Poland) and parts of Belgium and the Netherlands.

Middle Eastern outbreak.